A hands-on guide to making robust and professional software
A hands-on guide to making robust and professional software
Numerical simulations currently provide our most accurate predictions for structure formation in the Universe, in a wide range of scales and redshifts.
We will overview cosmological N-body simulations, discussing common assumptions, approximations and regime of applicability.
Furthermore, we will introduce the main hydrodynamical schemes, and review the sub-grid prescriptions used to model...
Numerical simulations currently provide our most accurate predictions for structure formation in the Universe, in a wide range of scales and redshifts.
We will overview cosmological N-body simulations, discussing common assumptions, approximations and regime of applicability.
Furthermore, we will introduce the main hydrodynamical schemes, and review the sub-grid prescriptions used to model...
In a world facing increasingly complex global challenges, creativity and adaptability are no longer optional—they are essential. This session explores how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can support and enhance human creativity to foster innovative, context-aware solutions across diverse fields—from sustainability to social transformation, and from theoretical foundations to the arts. Drawing on...
Empirical risk minimization learning paradigm works under the assumption that training and test data are identically distributed. However, this hypothesis is seldom met in practice, due to several factors including changes in the underlying physical process generating the data, data acquisition conditions or sensors drifts. This problem is known as distributional shift between the reference...
Panel members:
- Ben Hoyle (Zeiss, DE)
- Denise Lanzieri (Sony CSL, IT)
- Fred Ngolè Mboula (CEA LETI, FR)
- Prina Patel (Mastercard, UK)
After a brief introduction of the ESA Science programme I will focus on an overview of the ESA Euclid mission: I will describe mission objectives, challenges, main milestones so far, the first data release.
I will also mention a few ESA programmes dedicated to interns, graduate students, and postdocs.
Modifications of General Relativity have been widely studied to alleviate cosmological tensions. Most of these models lead to an effective strengthening of gravity and enhanced growth. However, the S8 tension — arising from weak-lensing observations that suggest less structure formation than predicted by ΛCDM — points to a different scenario. In this talk, we investigate stable subclasses of...
We use the Cosmic Chronometers H(z) data, also the observational H(z) data (OHD), to investigate the universe's evolution, focusing on its applications in constraining cosmological parameters, probing dark energy, and refining methods for determining the Hubble constant (H0). (1) To improve cosmological model selection, we combine H(z) with fσ8(z), comparing the traditional chi-square approach...
The detection of relativistic Doppler via galaxy power spectrum measurements could further confirm the validity of general relativity at scales very far from the strong-gravity-field regime, where it has been tested with exquisite accuracy. The Doppler term acts as an imaginary correction in the relation between the galaxy density contrast and that of matter, which mostly affects the large...
We describe a machine learning approach to multi-wavelength Active galactic nuclei (AGN) identification for host galaxies within the DESI survey. AGNs emit light in all wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum, it is difficult to create an AGN selection that is fully complete. The identification of AGNs is key to understanding not only their astrophysics, being an important driver of galaxy...
Understanding the accelerated expansion of the Universe remains as one of the key challenges in cosmology. The main candidates to explain this observation, which do not rely on a cosmological constant, are dark energy and modifications of General Relativity, but they require robust tests on cosmological scales. The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument offers unprecedented precision in...
Baryon acoustic oscillation measurements by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (Data Release 1) have revealed exciting results that show evidence for dynamical dark energy at around 3sigma when combined with cosmic microwave background and type Ia supernova observations. These measurements are based on the w0waCDM model of dark energy. The evidence is less in other dark energy models...
The Lyman-a forest traces large-scale structure at Mpc scales and below at high redshifts (2 < z < 4). The Lyman-a forest has provided pristine information about the expansion history of the Universe using BAO measurements. In this talk, I will talk about challenges and results on extracting more information from the Lyman-a forest. First, from a full-shape cosmological analysis and, second,...
The accurate characterization of galaxy spectra is essential for extracting reliable physical properties of galaxies. However, overlapping of spectra inherent to Euclid’s slitless spectroscopy can often obscure key spectral features, complicating the detection and analysis of emission lines.
In this work, we present a novel approach for continuum removal by leveraging denoising diffusion...
The Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) will provide an unprecedented volume of time-domain data opening a new era of big data in astronomy. To fully harness the power of these surveys, we require analysis methods capable of dealing with large data volumes that can identify promising transients within minutes for follow-up coordination. In this talk I will present...
The large-scale distribution of neutral hydrogen in the late Universe, mapped through the hydrogen 21cm line emission using radio telescopes, holds significant potential to emerge as a key cosmological probe in the coming years. In the work that I’m going to present, we developed a Gaussian likelihood code for the 21cm intensity mapping power spectrum and the 21cm-galaxy clustering...
Accurately modelling matter power spectrum effects at small scales, such as baryonic feedback, is essential to avoid significant bias in the estimation of cosmological parameters with cosmic shear. However, Stage IV surveys like LSST will be so precise that significant information can still be extracted from large scales alone. In this talk, I will present an analysis of LSST Year 1-like mock...
Weak lensing of cosmological sources is an important tool for studying the distribution of total matter in the universe. Cross-correlating weak lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) with weak lensing of galaxies ("cosmic shear") allows a way to place robust constraints on the amplitude of matter perturbations in the universe while minimizing the impact of certain systematic effects...
The Cosmological Principle is a cornerstone of the standard model of cosmology and shapes how we view the Universe and our place within it. It is imperative, then, to devise multiple observational tests which can identify and quantify possible violations of this foundational principle. One possible method of probing large-scale anisotropies involves the use of weak gravitational lensing. In...
Euclid is a European Space Agency telescope designed to map the dark Universe and uncover the nature of cosmic acceleration. It is conducting a large survey of galaxies, which will be used to measure the large-scale mass distribution of the Universe through weak gravitational lensing, galaxy clustering, and their combination ('3x2pt'). I will explain how we plan to use Euclid's imaging to...
Noise bias is a persistent challenge in shear measurements, particularly for galaxies with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), which are critical for Euclid’s cosmic shear analysis. To address this, we present a novel, unsupervised, deep learning denoising technique (ElFNet) to improve galaxy shape measurements. Using a convolutional neural network (CNN), we predict individual galaxy shears...
The Euclid survey was the first Stage IV survey to be commissioned, paving the way for a new era of precision cosmology. The survey's declared scientific goal is to explore the nature of dark matter and dark energy. One of the main probes it utilises is weak gravitational lensing: the coherent distortion of galaxy shapes caused by the large-scale structure of the Universe. Over its lifespan,...
Weak gravitational lensing provides a powerful probe of dark matter distribution in the Universe. Mass mapping algorithms, which reconstruct the convergence field from galaxy shear measurements, are critical for extracting higher-order statistics to constrain cosmological parameters. This study evaluates the impact of different mass mapping algorithms—Kaiser-Squires, inpainting Kaiser-Squires,...
I will provide an overview of higher-order weak lensing statistics and their relevance to the Euclid mission. The talk will draw on the results of the pre-launch Paper 2, which employed the Fisher formalism to explore the constraining power of these non-Gaussian statistics on cosmological parameters. Emphasis will be placed on the key lessons learned from this preparatory project, highlighting...
The problems within the standard cosmological model have sparked the research of alternatives and possible solutions and one way to tackle these problems is to question the validity of General Relativity (GR) as the correct theory of gravitation on cosmological scales, entering the context of modified gravity (MG) theories. In this work, we studied a specific MG model known as f(R) gravity, in...
Surveys from modern radio telescopes, such as the precursor/pathfinder telescopes for the Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) are currently transforming the knowledge which we have of the radio skies. Telescopes such as the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and MeerKAT are producing a number of radio continuum surveys which have a...
Wide-angle and relativistic corrections to the Newtonian and flat-sky approximations are important for accurate modelling of the galaxy power spectrum of next-generation galaxy surveys. In addition to Doppler and Sachs-Wolfe relativistic corrections, we include the effects of lensing convergence, time delay and integrated Sachs-Wolfe. We investigate the impact of these corrections on...
Intensity Mapping techniques for the 21cm line. In the post-reionization era (z < 6), this will allow us to trace the underlying large-scale distribution of matter, opening a new window on dark matter and dark energy. To unlock the full potential of this technique for the SKAO, an intense data-taking campaign has been carried out using the SKAO precursors. I will describe the status of...
Understanding the universe at ultra-large scales offers a unique window into its origins and evolution, particularly the transition from radiation to matter domination. The power spectrum turnover, a subtle yet critical feature of large-scale structure, holds the key to unraveling these mysteries. In this study, we explore the potential of next-generation surveys, including the Square...
We explore the effects of massive neutrinos and baryons on the cosmic web using the FLAMINGO simulations. With NEXUS+, we classify the cosmic web into voids, sheets, filaments, and clusters, and find that massive neutrinos affect the environment by decreasing the amount of filaments and sheets. The effect of baryons is 10% smaller. Constructing the minimum spanning tree (MST) from the haloes...
The distribution of gas relative to the underlying matter is a major unknown in current cosmology, posing strong challenges to the next generation of large scale structure surveys, particularly weak lensing studies. With the advent of recent high-quality observations of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (kSZ) effect, we can directly measure the gas distribution in the outskirts of haloes for the...
ShapeFit is a novel approach alternative to Full Modeling, and has been gaining popularity for analyzing the large scale structures of the universe. This approach provides information on the slope of the matter power spectrum at the pivot scale, m. There are two crucial steps to obtain this additional information: de-wiggling the power spectrum and calculating the derivative at the pivot...
SuperBIT (The Super Pressure Balloon-borne Imaging Telescope) is a diffraction-limited 0.5-meter UV-NIR telescope designed to conduct high-resolution astronomical observations from the stratosphere. Its primary science goal is to map the distribution of dark matter in galaxy clusters through weak gravitational lensing. Launched on a NASA super-pressure balloon, SuperBIT offers a unique...
The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is to search for technosignatures associated with extraterrestrial life, such as engineered radio signals. In this paper, we apply the multibeam coincidence matching (MBCM) strategy (see for more details: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ac8bd5, AJ, 164 (2022) 4, 160) and propose a new search mode based on the MBCM which...
Gravitational lensing magnification affects the observed spatial distribution of galaxies and must be accounted for to avoid biases in cosmological probes of large-scale structure. I will present the methodology used to evaluate its impact on the Dark Energy Survey Year 6 (DES Y6) galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing analyses. We quantify the redshift-dependent magnification bias using...
We examine the cosmic evolution of an accelerating universe within the framework of the Einstein–Cartan–Sciama–Kibble theory, employing a flat, homogeneous and isotropic model. In this context, various parameterizations of the equation of state parameter, denoted as w (omega), are considered with respect to the redshift function. We analyze the behavior of cosmological parameters such as...
In this talk I will introduce a new paradigm for cosmological inference, enabled by recent advances in machine learning and its underlying technology. By combining emulation, differentiable and probabilistic programming, scalable gradient-based sampling, and decoupled Bayesian model selection, this framework scales to extremely high-dimensional parameter spaces and enables complete Bayesian...
In my talk, I will talk about the development of a large emulator library, designed to streamline the exploration and inference of different cosmological models being used in the Stage-IV survey analysis. This library serves as a bridge between different theoretical predictions and observational data, offering fast, accurate interpolations of key cosmological quantities. Built upon a suite of...
Stage IV experiments are set to provide the stringent constraints ever on cosmological parameters. However, to achieve this aim, we need careful control of the systematics, especially those related to the accurate knowledge of the tomographic redshift distributions. The forward-modelling of photometric and spectroscopic galaxy surveys, a method that bridges cosmology with galaxy evolution,...
